Essay on 5G Technology in India for Descriptive Paper

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Introduction

5G Technology is the next generation of mobile broadband that will eventually replace or expand 4G LTE connections. It can provide data speeds of 10 Gbps and above. It is about 20 times faster than 4G. It will reduce latency and energy savings, and mass device connectivity will also be possible.

The transmission of the 5G network will not require any type of tower. The transmission of signals will happen through small cell stations on rooftops or electric poles.  These small cells are significantly more important due to its millimeter-wave spectrum.

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History

1G: It was launched in the 1980s and worked on analog radio signals, and supported only voice calls.

2G: It was launched in the 1990s which used digital radio signals, and supported both voice and data transmission with a Bandwidth of 64 Kbps.

3G: It was launched in the 2000s with a speed of 1 Mbps to 2 Mbps. It could transmit telephone signals including digitized voice, video calls ad conferencing.

4G: It was launched in 2009 with a peak speed of 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps. It enabled 3D virtual reality.

Present

Department of Telecommunication (DoT) confirmed that 13 cities in India would get 5G services in 2022. They are - include Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Gurugram, Chandigarh, Bangalore, Ahmadabad, Jamnagar, Hyderabad, Pune, Lucknow and Gandhinagar.

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Difference between 4G and 5G

4G	5G
Uses radio frequency of 700 to 2500 MHz	Uses radio frequency of 28 GHz
Low speed with less data transfer	High speed with more data transfer
Latency: 20-30 milliseconds	Latency: less than 10 milliseconds
Supports less number of devices per square kilometer	Enables more devices within same geographic area (per square kilometer)
Leads to more congestion and lesser coverage	Improves coverage, speed and capacity

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Advantages of 5G

In agriculture, 5G will improve the entire value-chain like- smart irrigation, soil and crop monitoring, and livestock management.

In manufacturing, 5G will improve the use of robotics for precision manufacturing safely or accurately.

In the energy sector, 5G can efficiently support ‘smart grids’ and ‘smart metering’.

In health-care, 5G will effectively improve tale-medicine delivery, tale-control of surgical robotics and wireless monitoring of vital statistics.

5G technology will also help to incorporate Artificial Intelligence into our daily lives.

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Disadvantages of 5G

5G technology will increase the risk of hacking and affect cyber security.

5G will create an increased demand for such devices. Therefore, raising the current carbon footprint may affect environment.

5G will increase the amount of electromagnetic radiation in the atmosphere which may lead an increased risk for diseases.

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Challenges in its Implementation

5G connection is more expensive than the currently available network.

5G requires investors to invest around $100 billion which discourages investors.

Complex policies across states have impacted telecom service providers in rolling-out Optical Fiber Cables and telecom towers.

Fiber connectivity needs to be upgraded across India, which at present connects only 30% of India’s telecom towers.

Initial deployment of 5G networks in urban areas could leave rural areas behind due to commercial possibility and lead to increase digital divide.

The proposed speed of 5G is difficult considering the inefficient technical support in most parts of the world.

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Solutions/suggestions

The country needs to encourage and boost its local 5G hardware manufacturing at an unprecedented rate if it needs to realize the 5G India dream.

Rationalization of this spectrum pricing is needed so that the government generates adequate revenue from the auction without hampering implementation plans for 5G in India.

Policy-makers may consider the use of licensed, unlicensed and shared spectrum to create a balanced spectrum ecosystem.

5G can be deployed at different band spectrum. At the low band spectrum, the range is much longer which is helpful for the rural areas.

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Conclusion

It is true that there are challenges related to infrastructure, investment, and health-related to 5G technology in India right now, but the government should address these challenges at the earliest and implement this technology in India. With the introduction of 5G technologies, the development of the country will be further strengthened.